A hybrid battery remaining useful life (RUL) prediction model based on ICEEMDAN-CNN-GRU(M1) is proposed to address the nonlinearity and complexity of capacity degradation in sodium-ion batteries. Charge Rate (C‐rate) is the rate of charge or discharge of a battery relative to its rated capacity. For example, a 1C rate will fully charge or discharge a battery in 1 hour. At a discharge rate of 0.5C, a battery will be fully discharged in 2 hours. The use of high C-rates typically reduces available battery capacity and can cause damage to The proposed HI acquisition method is simple and efficient compared to others, and it has a strong correlation with battery cycle life. This ensures the accuracy and feasibility of early prediction. 2) Second, this work uses an WLS-SVM based method to solve the problem of lithium-ion batteries cycle life prediction with limited training data. Estimated Lifespan: 5-7 years, though as low as 2 years for the cheapest deep-cycle battery to 10 years+ for high-quality options. Life Cycle: 500 – 1600 cycles (depending on battery type, quality, and average Depth of Discharge) The old standard for off-grid solar installations (and used in most cars), lead-acid batteries are cheap In 2018, a battery fire happened in a cement plant in South Korea, which resulted in over $3 million in damage [5]. Therefore, it is important to monitor lithium-ion battery health conditions. State-of-health (SOH) and remaining useful life (RUL) are commonly used to measure the health condition of lithium-ion batteries. The market size for Li-ion batteries was at 36.7 billion dollars in 2019, and is projected at 128.3 billion by 2027 with a compounded annual growth rate estimated at 18% from 2020 to 2027, driven A is the exponential voltage, in V. B is the exponential capacity, in Ah −1. Temperature Effect Equations. For the lithium-ion battery type, the impact of temperature on the model parameters is represented by these equations. Discharge Model (i* > 0) f 1 ( i t, i *, i, T, T a) = E 0 ( T) − K ( T) ⋅ Q ( T a) Q ( T a) − i t ⋅ ( i * + i Generally, the capacity of a lithium-ion battery is stable for a while. Then it takes a sharp turn downward. The plummet point varies widely, as most 21st-century consumers know. 5WVj.